Tests conducted during pregnancy are essential for monitoring the health of both the mother and the baby. These tests are crucial and should not be overlooked. Pregnancy is a significant period for both the expectant mother and the baby. Regular monitoring during this period is crucial. The following are key tests to be aware of

11 - 14 Weeks

The first trimester screening is vital during these weeks. This test includes measuring the baby's nuchal translucency and crown-rump length, and analyzing the mother's blood for Beta HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) levels. These tests help detect chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18). An ultrasound and blood test should be conducted on the same day. Additionally, the nasal bone and blood flow in the ductus venosus are checked using Doppler ultrasound, providing further information about the risk of Down syndrome.

16 - 20 Weeks

During the second trimester, the triple and quadruple screenings are crucial. These tests identify risks for Down syndrome, genetic issues, and neural tube defects (such as spina bifida). They involve checking blood levels of AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein), free estriol (uE3), Beta HCG, and Inhibin A. If there is an increased risk from the first or second trimester screenings, additional diagnostic tests like chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis may be recommended.

18 - 22 Weeks

Advanced ultrasound is used to examine the baby's organs, including the brain, spinal cord, face, arms, and legs, to detect any major structural abnormalities. It also checks markers for chromosomal abnormalities. Given that about 3% of babies are born with congenital abnormalities, a detailed ultrasound between 18-22 weeks, preferably by a perinatologist, is recommended for all pregnant women.

24 - 28 Weeks

During this period, it is essential to check for gestational diabetes. As the placenta grows, it secretes a hormone called human placental lactogen (hPL), which increases sugar sensitivity and can lead to gestational diabetes. If blood glucose levels are above 140 mg/dL one hour after a 50 g glucose load, a 100 g glucose tolerance test is conducted. If two or more blood glucose values exceed the accepted limits, gestational diabetes is diagnosed, and dietary and exercise recommendations are made. If diet alone doesn't control blood sugar levels, insulin therapy may be initiated in collaboration with a perinatologist or endocrinologist. Additionally, fetal growth, amniotic fluid levels, and fetal blood flow are monitored using ultrasound and Doppler during these weeks.

It's essential to consult with your doctor to ensure all necessary tests are conducted for a healthy pregnancy.

Resource:

https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/your-pregnancy-care/screening-tests/#:~:text=screening%20for%20infectious%20diseases%20(hepatitis,conditions%20(20%2Dweek%20scan)